CSEC MATHEMATICS · MODULE 2 · LESSON B4

Factorising Quadratics and Changing the Subject of a Formula

Factorising x² + bx + c and ax² + bx + c, difference of two squares revisited, and rearranging formulae with powers, roots and repeated letters.

Intermediate Secondary Level MathematicsM2 2.1M2 2.2≈ 40 min🎮 3 games
Before you start

By the end of this lesson you can…

Step 1 · Watch

Explainer video

5 narrated scenes. Press play, listen and read along — the points appear as they are explained. Use ‹ Prev / Next › or the scene bar to jump to any scene.

LESSON B4 · EXPLAINER

Factorising Quadratics and Changing the Subject of a Formula

A quadratic is a puzzle: find two numbers that multiply to one thing and add to another. Solve it in seconds and you unlock quadratic equations and graphs.

Narration uses your device’s built-in voice. No sound? Switch to “Captions only” — the captions advance on their own.

Step 2 · Read

Key notes

Copy these into your notebook in your own words — that is how they stick.

x² + bx + c

Find two numbers: product c, sum b. Factors (x + p)(x + q).

ax² + bx + c

Find numbers with product ac and sum b; split the middle term; factorise by grouping.

Order

Common factor → difference of two squares → quadratic → grouping. Check by expanding.

Difference of two squares

a² − b² = (a − b)(a + b), e.g. 9x² − 4 = (3x − 2)(3x + 2).

Change of subject

Undo operations in reverse; squares ↔ roots; fractions → multiply out.

Subject twice

Collect terms with the subject on one side, factorise, divide.

Perfect squares

x² + 6x + 9 = (x + 3)²; x² − 10x + 25 = (x − 5)².

Formulae to know

V = ⁴⁄₃πr³ → r = ∛(3V/4π); T = 2π√(l/g) → l = gT²/4π².

EXAM TIPS & COMMON MISTAKES

  • Look for a common factor FIRST: 2x² − 8x − 10 is 2(x² − 4x − 5), then factorise the quadratic.
  • Signs: if c is negative the two numbers have different signs; if c is positive they have the same sign (same as b).
  • Always expand your answer to check it.
  • In change-of-subject questions show each rearrangement step on its own line — method marks.
Play & practise

Games

3 quick games on this lesson. Earn XP and badges as you play — your best score for each game is saved. Games are for practice and do not change your exam readiness. More games in the Mathematics Arcade.

Step 3 · Practise

Paper 1 practice — multiple choice

8 items modelled on real CSEC Paper 1 questions. Choose one answer for each, then check. Aim for 80% or better. Work each item on paper first.

CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 2.1

1. x² + 5x + 6 factorises as

Answer: B. 2 × 3 = 6 and 2 + 3 = 5.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 2.1

2. x² − x − 12 factorises as

Answer: C. −4 × 3 = −12 and −4 + 3 = −1.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 2.1

3. 3x² + 5x − 2 factorises as

Answer: D. (3x − 1)(x + 2) = 3x² + 6x − x − 2 = 3x² + 5x − 2.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 2.1

4. 2x² − 8x − 10 factorises completely as

Answer: A. 2(x² − 4x − 5) = 2(x − 5)(x + 1).
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 2.1

5. x² − 10x + 25 is equal to

Answer: B. A perfect square: (x − 5)².
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 2.2

6. Given V = ⁴⁄₃πr³, then r is equal to

Answer: C. r³ = 3V/(4π) → r = ∛(3V/4π).
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 2.2

7. Given T = 2π√(l/g), then l is equal to

Answer: D. T/2π = √(l/g) → T²/4π² = l/g → l = gT²/4π².
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 2.2

8. Given y = (x + 1)/(x − 2), then x is equal to

Answer: A. y(x − 2) = x + 1 → x(y − 1) = 2y + 1.
Step 4 · Apply

Paper 2 practice — structured questions

Write full answers, then reveal the mark scheme and tick the points you earned (19 marks in total). Show all your working — method marks count. Your answers are saved on this device.

CSEC Paper 02 style · Module 2 (Algebra 2 — factorising)

Question 1 [10 marks]

Factorise each expression completely.

(a) x² − 7x + 10 [2]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 2)

(b) 3x² + 5x − 2 [3]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 3)

(c) 2x² − 8x − 10 [3]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 3)

(d) Hence, or otherwise, simplify (x² − 7x + 10)/(x² − 25). [2]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 2)

CSEC Paper 02 style · Module 2 (Algebra 2 — formulae)

Question 2 [9 marks]

Answer all parts.

(a) Make r the subject of V = ⁴⁄₃πr³. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 3)

(b) Make l the subject of T = 2π√(l/g). [3]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 3)

(c) Make x the subject of y = (x + 1)/(x − 2). [3]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 3)

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Sources

Where this topic appears in CSEC papers

Find these in your own past-paper booklets for extra timed practice. Items above are written in the style of these papers; any adapted from a specific question say so.