CSEC MATHEMATICS · MODULE 2 · LESSON B5

Solving Quadratic Equations: Factors, Formula and Completing the Square

Solving quadratic equations by factorisation, by the quadratic formula and by completing the square, the discriminant and worded problems.

Intermediate Secondary Level MathematicsM2 2.4M2 2.5M2 2.6≈ 40 min🎮 3 games
Before you start

By the end of this lesson you can…

Step 1 · Watch

Explainer video

5 narrated scenes. Press play, listen and read along — the points appear as they are explained. Use ‹ Prev / Next › or the scene bar to jump to any scene.

LESSON B5 · EXPLAINER

Solving Quadratic Equations: Factors, Formula and Completing the Square

A ball is thrown, a field is fenced, a profit is maximised — all quadratics. CSEC gives you three methods; learn when to use each.

Narration uses your device’s built-in voice. No sound? Switch to “Captions only” — the captions advance on their own.

Explore in 3D

Quadratic graphs and roots

Change a, b and c and see the roots.

Step 2 · Read

Key notes

Copy these into your notebook in your own words — that is how they stick.

Factorising method

Rearrange to = 0; factorise; set each bracket to 0.

Quadratic formula

x = (−b ± √(b² − 4ac)) ÷ 2a. It is printed on the formula sheet; substitute carefully with signs.

Completing the square

x² + bx + c = (x + b/2)² + (c − (b/2)²). For ax² + bx + c take a out first.

Turning point

a(x + h)² + k has its vertex at (−h, k); the axis of symmetry is x = −h.

Discriminant

b² − 4ac: > 0 two roots, = 0 one root, < 0 no real roots.

Word problems

Define the letter, form the equation, rearrange to = 0, solve, reject impossible values.

Rounding

Quadratic formula answers: give to the accuracy asked (usually 2 d.p. or 3 s.f.).

Check

Substitute each root in the original equation.

EXAM TIPS & COMMON MISTAKES

  • Rearrange to = 0 BEFORE factorising. x² + 3x = 40 is not (x)(x + 3) = 40.
  • In the formula, −b with b = −5 is +5. Put negative numbers in brackets when substituting.
  • Reject negative lengths and non-integer counts — and say why.
  • If a question asks for “exact” form, leave the square root; if it asks for decimals, round at the end.
Play & practise

Games

3 quick games on this lesson. Earn XP and badges as you play — your best score for each game is saved. Games are for practice and do not change your exam readiness. More games in the Mathematics Arcade.

Step 3 · Practise

Paper 1 practice — multiple choice

8 items modelled on real CSEC Paper 1 questions. Choose one answer for each, then check. Aim for 80% or better. Work each item on paper first.

CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 2.5

1. The solutions of x² − 5x + 6 = 0 are

Answer: B. (x − 2)(x − 3) = 0.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 2.5

2. The solutions of 2x² + 3x − 2 = 0 are

Answer: C. (2x − 1)(x + 2) = 0.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 2.4

3. x² + 6x + 5 written in the form (x + h)² + k is

Answer: D. (x + 3)² = x² + 6x + 9, so subtract 4: (x + 3)² − 4.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 2.4

4. The turning point of y = (x − 2)² + 5 is

Answer: A. The vertex of a(x + h)² + k is (−h, k) = (2, 5).
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 2.5

5. The equation x² + 2x + 5 = 0 has

Answer: B. b² − 4ac = 4 − 20 = −16 < 0.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 2.5

6. Using the quadratic formula, one root of x² + 4x − 3 = 0 is closest to

Answer: C. x = (−4 ± √28)/2 = −4.65 or 0.65.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 2.6

7. A rectangle is 3 cm longer than it is wide and its area is 40 cm². Its width is

Answer: D. w(w + 3) = 40 → (w − 5)(w + 8) = 0 → w = 5.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 2.5

8. If x² = 7x, the possible values of x are

Answer: A. x² − 7x = 0 → x(x − 7) = 0. Dividing by x would lose the root x = 0.
Step 4 · Apply

Paper 2 practice — structured questions

Write full answers, then reveal the mark scheme and tick the points you earned (19 marks in total). Show all your working — method marks count. Your answers are saved on this device.

CSEC Paper 02 style · Module 2 (Quadratic equations)

Question 1 [10 marks]

Answer all parts.

(a) Solve 2x² + 3x − 2 = 0 by factorising. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 3)

(b) Solve x² + 4x − 3 = 0 using the quadratic formula, giving answers correct to 2 decimal places. [4]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 4)

(c) Express x² + 6x + 5 in the form (x + h)² + k, and hence state the coordinates of the minimum point of y = x² + 6x + 5. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 3)

CSEC Paper 02 style · Module 2 (Quadratic word problem)

Question 2 [9 marks]

The length of a rectangular garden is 3 m more than its width, w metres. The area of the garden is 40 m².

(a) Show that w² + 3w − 40 = 0. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 2)

(b) Solve the equation to find the width and length of the garden. [4]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 4)

(c) Fencing costs $12 per metre. Calculate the cost of fencing the garden. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 3)

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Sources

Where this topic appears in CSEC papers

Find these in your own past-paper booklets for extra timed practice. Items above are written in the style of these papers; any adapted from a specific question say so.