CSEC ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS · SECTION 2 · LESSON B6

Trigonometric Functions: Exact Values, the Unit Circle and Graphs

Sine, cosine and tangent of any angle, exact values for π/6, π/4, π/3 and π/2 and their related angles, and the graphs of sin kx, cos kx and tan kx.

Coordinate Geometry, Vectors and TrigonometryS2 C.4S2 C.5S2 C.6≈ 45 min🎮 3 games
Before you start

By the end of this lesson you can…

Step 1 · Watch

Explainer video

5 narrated scenes. Press play, listen and read along — the points appear as they are explained. Use ‹ Prev / Next › or the scene bar to jump to any scene.

LESSON B6 · EXPLAINER

Trigonometric Functions: Exact Values, the Unit Circle and Graphs

Sine and cosine are just coordinates on the unit circle. Once you see that, signs, symmetries and graphs all fall into place.

Narration uses your device’s built-in voice. No sound? Switch to “Captions only” — the captions advance on their own.

Explore in 3D

The unit circle

Turn the point and watch the sine, cosine or tangent graph; or see them in 3D.

Step 2 · Read

Key notes

Copy these into your notebook in your own words — that is how they stick.

Unit circle

P(θ) = (cos θ, sin θ); tan θ = sin θ/cos θ.

CAST

I all; II sin; III tan; IV cos.

Exact values

π/6: ½, √3/2, 1/√3; π/4: √2/2, √2/2, 1; π/3: √3/2, ½, √3.

Related angles

Reference angle + CAST sign.

Negative angles

cos(−θ) = cos θ; sin(−θ) = −sin θ; tan(−θ) = −tan θ.

Graph facts

sin, cos: amplitude 1, period 2π. tan: period π, asymptotes at odd multiples of π/2.

sin kx

Period 2π/k; amplitude unchanged. A sin kx: amplitude |A|.

Sketch

Mark the key points at multiples of π/2 and the maximum/minimum values.

EXAM TIPS & COMMON MISTAKES

  • Learn the exact-value table — draw the 30-60-90 and 45-45-90 triangles to rebuild it.
  • For angles in radians, switch the calculator to radian mode.
  • Do not write tan π/2 = ∞; say it is undefined.
  • When sketching, scale the x-axis in multiples of π/2 (or π/4 for sin 2x).
Play & practise

Games

3 quick games on this lesson. Earn XP and badges as you play — your best score for each game is saved. Games are for practice and do not change your exam readiness. More games in the Additional Mathematics Arcade.

Step 3 · Practise

Paper 1 practice — multiple choice

8 items modelled on real CSEC Paper 1 questions. Choose one answer for each, then check. Aim for 80% or better. Work each item on paper first.

CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.5

1. The exact value of sin π/6 is

Answer: D. Standard value.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.5

2. The exact value of cos π/4 is

Answer: A. cos 45°.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.5

3. The exact value of tan π/3 is

Answer: B. tan 60°.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.5

4. cos 2π/3 is equal to

Answer: C. Reference π/3, second quadrant.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.5

5. sin 7π/6 is equal to

Answer: D. Reference π/6, third quadrant (sin negative).
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.6

6. The period of y = sin 2x is

Answer: A. 2π/2 = π.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.6

7. The amplitude of y = 3 sin 2x is

Answer: B. Coefficient of sin.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.7

8. sin(90° − 25°) is equal to

Answer: C. sin(90° − x) = cos x, so it equals cos 25° (which also equals sin 65°).
Step 4 · Apply

Paper 2 practice — structured questions

Write full answers, then reveal the mark scheme and tick the points you earned (20 marks in total). Show all your working — method marks count. Your answers are saved on this device.

CSEC Paper 02 style · Section 2 (Trigonometric functions)

Question 1 [11 marks]

Answer all parts. Give exact values where possible.

(a) Write down the exact values of (i) sin 2π/3 (ii) cos 5π/6 (iii) tan 7π/4. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 3)

(b) State the amplitude and period of y = 3 sin 2x. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 2)

(c) Sketch the graph of y = sin 2x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π. (Check: two complete cycles; zeros at 0, π/2, π, 3π/2, 2π; maxima 1 at π/4, 5π/4; minima −1 at 3π/4, 7π/4.) [4]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 4)

(d) State the number of solutions of sin 2x = 0.5 in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 2)

CSEC Paper 02 style · Section 2 (Graphs of trigonometric functions)

Question 2 [9 marks]

Answer all parts.

(a) Complete a table of values for y = cos 2x at x = 0, π/4, π/2, 3π/4, π. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 2)

(b) State the range and the period of y = 2 cos x. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 2)

(c) Using the graphs of y = sin x and y = cos x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π, find the values of x for which sin x = cos x. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 3)

(d) Explain why tan x is not defined at x = π/2. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 2)

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Sources

Where this topic appears in CSEC papers

Find these in your own past-paper booklets for extra timed practice. Items above are written in the style of these papers; any adapted from a specific question say so.