CSEC ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS · SECTION 2 · LESSON B5

Radians, Arc Length, Sector Area and Segments

Defining the radian, converting between degrees and radians, and using l = rθ, A = ½r²θ and the segment area formula.

Coordinate Geometry, Vectors and TrigonometryS2 C.1S2 C.2S2 C.3≈ 40 min🎮 3 games
Before you start

By the end of this lesson you can…

Step 1 · Watch

Explainer video

5 narrated scenes. Press play, listen and read along — the points appear as they are explained. Use ‹ Prev / Next › or the scene bar to jump to any scene.

LESSON B5 · EXPLAINER

Radians, Arc Length, Sector Area and Segments

Degrees are a human invention. Radians come from the circle itself — and they make the formulas for arc length and area wonderfully simple.

Narration uses your device’s built-in voice. No sound? Switch to “Captions only” — the captions advance on their own.

Explore in 3D

Radians, arcs and sectors

Change the angle and the radius.

Step 2 · Read

Key notes

Copy these into your notebook in your own words — that is how they stick.

Radian

Angle subtended by an arc equal to the radius. π rad = 180°.

Conversions

Degrees → radians × π/180; radians → degrees × 180/π.

Arc length

l = rθ.

Sector area

A = ½r²θ.

Sector perimeter

2r + rθ.

Segment

Area = ½r²(θ − sin θ); chord = 2r sin(θ/2).

Radian mode

Switch the calculator to RAD for sin, cos, tan of radian angles.

Exact values

Leave answers in terms of π when asked.

EXAM TIPS & COMMON MISTAKES

  • Check the calculator mode: sin 1.2 in degree mode gives 0.0209, not 0.932.
  • Formulas l = rθ and A = ½r²θ ONLY work with θ in radians.
  • The perimeter of a sector includes the two radii.
  • If the question gives degrees, convert first or use the fraction-of-circle method.
Play & practise

Games

3 quick games on this lesson. Earn XP and badges as you play — your best score for each game is saved. Games are for practice and do not change your exam readiness. More games in the Additional Mathematics Arcade.

Step 3 · Practise

Paper 1 practice — multiple choice

8 items modelled on real CSEC Paper 1 questions. Choose one answer for each, then check. Aim for 80% or better. Work each item on paper first.

CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.2

1. 150° expressed in radians is

Answer: D. 150 × π/180 = 5π/6.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.2

2. 3π/4 radians expressed in degrees is

Answer: A. 3π/4 × 180/π = 135°.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.3

3. The arc length of a sector of radius 5 cm and angle 0.8 radians is

Answer: B. rθ = 4.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.3

4. The area of a sector of radius 6 cm and angle π/3 radians is

Answer: C. ½(36)(π/3) = 6π.
Adapted from CSEC P1 May/June 2024 (semicircle arc item)

5. The area of a semicircle AB is 32π. The length of the arc AB is

Answer: D. r = 8; arc = πr = 8π.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.3

6. The perimeter of a sector with radius 10 cm and angle 1.5 radians is

Answer: A. 20 + 15 = 35.
Adapted from CSEC P1 May/June 2024 (angle in radians item)

7. An arc of length 12 cm is cut from a circle of radius 8 cm. The angle at the centre is

Answer: B. θ = l/r = 1.5.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.3

8. The area of the segment with r = 8 cm and θ = 1.2 rad is closest to

Answer: C. 32(1.2 − 0.932) = 8.58.
Step 4 · Apply

Paper 2 practice — structured questions

Write full answers, then reveal the mark scheme and tick the points you earned (23 marks in total). Show all your working — method marks count. Your answers are saved on this device.

CSEC Paper 02 style · Section 2 (Radians)

Question 1 [11 marks]

A sector of a circle has radius 8 cm and angle 1.2 radians.

(a) Calculate the arc length. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 2)

(b) Calculate the area of the sector. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 2)

(c) Calculate the perimeter of the sector. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 2)

(d) Calculate the area of the segment cut off by the chord joining the ends of the arc. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 3)

(e) Express the angle 1.2 radians in degrees, to 1 decimal place. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (e) (max 2)

CSEC Paper 02 style · Section 2 (Wire problem)

Question 2 [12 marks]

A wire of length 40 cm is bent to form the boundary of a sector of a circle of radius 10 cm.

(a) Find the arc length of the sector. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 2)

(b) Show that the angle of the sector is 2 radians. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 2)

(c) Calculate the area enclosed by the wire. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 2)

(d) Calculate the area of the segment, to 1 decimal place. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 3)

(e) Calculate the length of the chord joining the ends of the arc. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (e) (max 3)

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Sources

Where this topic appears in CSEC papers

Find these in your own past-paper booklets for extra timed practice. Items above are written in the style of these papers; any adapted from a specific question say so.