CSEC ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS · SECTION 1 · LESSON A5

Simultaneous Equations: One Linear and One Non-Linear

Solving a linear equation with a quadratic or a circle by substitution, interpreting the solutions as intersection points, and the condition for a tangent.

Algebra, Sequences and SeriesS1 B.7≈ 40 min🎮 3 games
Before you start

By the end of this lesson you can…

Step 1 · Watch

Explainer video

5 narrated scenes. Press play, listen and read along — the points appear as they are explained. Use ‹ Prev / Next › or the scene bar to jump to any scene.

LESSON A5 · EXPLAINER

Simultaneous Equations: One Linear and One Non-Linear

Where does a line meet a circle? Substitute, solve a quadratic, and you have the coordinates — and the discriminant tells you whether it meets at all.

Narration uses your device’s built-in voice. No sound? Switch to “Captions only” — the captions advance on their own.

Explore in 3D

Line and curve

Move the line and count the solutions.

Step 2 · Read

Key notes

Copy these into your notebook in your own words — that is how they stick.

Method

Linear → substitute → quadratic → solve → back-substitute in the LINEAR equation.

Solutions

Give pairs (x, y). Two solutions mean two intersection points.

Discriminant

D > 0 cuts at two points; D = 0 tangent; D < 0 misses.

Circle

(x − a)² + (y − b)² = r²; substitution gives a quadratic.

Back-substitute

Use the linear equation (not the quadratic) to find the second coordinate.

Check

Substitute each pair into the non-linear equation.

Word problems

Define two variables, form one linear and one non-linear equation.

Point of contact

For a tangent, the repeated root gives the x-coordinate of the point of contact.

EXAM TIPS & COMMON MISTAKES

  • Always find the second coordinate from the LINEAR equation — using the quadratic can introduce false pairs.
  • Write solutions as paired coordinates, e.g. (3, 7).
  • Check both pairs in the circle or curve equation.
  • For a tangent, show D = 0 explicitly.
Play & practise

Games

3 quick games on this lesson. Earn XP and badges as you play — your best score for each game is saved. Games are for practice and do not change your exam readiness. More games in the Additional Mathematics Arcade.

Step 3 · Practise

Paper 1 practice — multiple choice

8 items modelled on real CSEC Paper 1 questions. Choose one answer for each, then check. Aim for 80% or better. Work each item on paper first.

CSEC Paper 01 style · SO B.7

1. The line y = 2x + 1 meets the curve y = x² − 2 where x equals

Answer: D. x² − 2x − 3 = 0 → x = 3 or −1.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO B.7

2. The line y = x − 1 meets the circle x² + y² = 25 at the points

Answer: A. 2x² − 2x − 24 = 0 → x = 4 or −3.
Adapted from CSEC P1 May/June 2024 (line and circle intersection item)

3. The line x + y = 1 and the circle x² + y² = 5 intersect at the points

Answer: B. x² + (1 − x)² = 5 → x² − x − 2 = 0 → x = 2 or −1.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO B.7

4. The line y = x + c is a tangent to x² + y² = 8 when

Answer: B. D = 64 − 4c² = 0.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO B.7

5. Substituting y = 3 − x into xy = 2 gives

Answer: C. x(3 − x) = 2 → x² − 3x + 2 = 0.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO B.7

6. If the quadratic obtained after substitution has D < 0, the line

Answer: C. D < 0: no real solutions.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO B.7

7. Two numbers have sum 7 and product 12. Their squares add up to

Answer: A. 3² + 4² = 25 (or 49 − 24).
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO B.7

8. When y = x + 1 is substituted into x² + y² = 13 the resulting equation is

Answer: D. x² + x² + 2x + 1 = 13 → 2x² + 2x − 12 = 0.
Step 4 · Apply

Paper 2 practice — structured questions

Write full answers, then reveal the mark scheme and tick the points you earned (25 marks in total). Show all your working — method marks count. Your answers are saved on this device.

CSEC Paper 02 style · Section 1 (Simultaneous equations)

Question 1 [15 marks]

Answer all parts.

(a) Solve the simultaneous equations y = 2x + 1 and y = x² − 2. [5]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 5)

(b) The line y = x − 1 meets the circle x² + y² = 25 at A and B. Find the coordinates of A and B and the length of AB. [7]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 7)

(c) The mid-point of AB is M. Show that OM is perpendicular to AB where O is the origin. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 3)

CSEC Paper 02 style · Section 1 (Tangent condition)

Question 2 [10 marks]

The line y = x + k and the curve y = x² + 3x + 5 are given.

(a) Show that the x-coordinates of the points of intersection satisfy x² + 2x + (5 − k) = 0. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 2)

(b) Find the value of k for which the line is a tangent to the curve. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 3)

(c) Find the coordinates of the point of contact. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 3)

(d) State the range of values of k for which the line does not meet the curve. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 2)

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Sources

Where this topic appears in CSEC papers

Find these in your own past-paper booklets for extra timed practice. Items above are written in the style of these papers; any adapted from a specific question say so.