CSEC ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS · SECTION 1 · LESSON A6

Quadratic and Rational Inequalities

Solving quadratic inequalities algebraically and graphically, rational inequalities with linear factors, and writing solution sets in set-builder notation.

Algebra, Sequences and SeriesS1 C.1S1 C.2≈ 45 min🎮 3 games
Before you start

By the end of this lesson you can…

Step 1 · Watch

Explainer video

5 narrated scenes. Press play, listen and read along — the points appear as they are explained. Use ‹ Prev / Next › or the scene bar to jump to any scene.

LESSON A6 · EXPLAINER

Quadratic and Rational Inequalities

Solving an inequality tells you where a function is positive, negative or zero. That is how you choose the right set of values — and it is a classic source of lost marks.

Narration uses your device’s built-in voice. No sound? Switch to “Captions only” — the captions advance on their own.

Step 2 · Read

Key notes

Copy these into your notebook in your own words — that is how they stick.

Quadratic inequality

Factorise; critical values; sketch; ∪ above the axis outside the roots, below between them.

>, <

Strict: critical values excluded. ≥, ≤: included.

Rational inequality

Critical values from numerator and denominator; sign table; denominator values are always excluded.

Do not cross-multiply

Unless you multiply by the square of the denominator.

One side zero

Move everything to one side and combine into one fraction.

Set-builder

{x : −½ ≤ x ≤ 3, x ∈ ℝ}; “x < −2 or x > 3” is a union.

Check

Test one value in each region.

Graphical method

Sketch the function and read where it is above/below the x-axis.

EXAM TIPS & COMMON MISTAKES

  • Never multiply an inequality by an unknown expression — it can flip the sign. Use a sign table.
  • x = 2 in (x + 1)/(x − 2) ≥ 0 must be excluded even though ≥ includes equals.
  • Use “or” for two separate regions and a double inequality for one region.
  • Sketch the quadratic: the picture shows whether the answer is outside or between the roots.
Play & practise

Games

3 quick games on this lesson. Earn XP and badges as you play — your best score for each game is saved. Games are for practice and do not change your exam readiness. More games in the Additional Mathematics Arcade.

Step 3 · Practise

Paper 1 practice — multiple choice

8 items modelled on real CSEC Paper 1 questions. Choose one answer for each, then check. Aim for 80% or better. Work each item on paper first.

CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.1

1. The solution set of x² − x − 6 > 0 is

Answer: A. (x − 3)(x + 2) > 0: outside the roots.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.1

2. The solution set of 2x² − 5x − 3 ≤ 0 is

Answer: B. (2x + 1)(x − 3) ≤ 0: between the roots.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.1

3. The set of values of x for which x² − 4x + 3 < 0 is

Answer: C. (x − 1)(x − 3) < 0: between the roots.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.2

4. The solution of (x + 1)/(x − 2) ≥ 0 is

Answer: D. x = −1 included; x = 2 excluded.
Adapted from CSEC P1 May/June 2024 (rational inequality item)

5. The values of x for which (3x − 2)/(2x + 1) < 0 are

Answer: A. Negative between the critical values −½ and 2/3.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.2

6. The solution of (2x − 1)/(x + 3) < 1 is

Answer: B. (x − 4)/(x + 3) < 0.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.1

7. Which statement about the solution set of (x − 2)² ≥ 0 is TRUE?

Answer: C. A square is never negative.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.2

8. The set-builder form of “x ≥ 3 or x ≤ −1” is

Answer: D. Two separate regions form a union.
Step 4 · Apply

Paper 2 practice — structured questions

Write full answers, then reveal the mark scheme and tick the points you earned (25 marks in total). Show all your working — method marks count. Your answers are saved on this device.

CSEC Paper 02 style · Section 1 (Inequalities)

Question 1 [15 marks]

Answer all parts.

(a) Find the set of values of x for which x² − x − 6 > 0. [4]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 4)

(b) Find the set of values of x for which 2x² − 5x − 3 ≤ 0, giving your answer in set-builder notation. [4]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 4)

(c) Solve (x + 1)/(x − 2) ≥ 0, stating any value of x that must be excluded. [4]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 4)

(d) Hence, or otherwise, find the integer values of x that satisfy both 2x² − 5x − 3 ≤ 0 and (x + 1)/(x − 2) ≥ 0. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 3)

CSEC Paper 02 style · Section 1 (Rational inequality with a constant)

Question 2 [10 marks]

Answer all parts.

(a) Show that (2x − 1)/(x + 3) < 1 is equivalent to (x − 4)/(x + 3) < 0. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 3)

(b) Hence solve (2x − 1)/(x + 3) < 1. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 3)

(c) Show the solution on a number line. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 2)

(d) Explain why multiplying both sides of (2x − 1)/(x + 3) < 1 by (x + 3) is not a valid first step. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 2)

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Sources

Where this topic appears in CSEC papers

Find these in your own past-paper booklets for extra timed practice. Items above are written in the style of these papers; any adapted from a specific question say so.