CSEC PHYSICS · SECTION A · LESSON A9

Motion in a Straight Line: Speed, Velocity, Acceleration and Graphs

Distance, displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration; a = (v − u) ÷ t; reading distance–time and velocity–time graphs; and finding acceleration and distance travelled from a velocity–time graph.

MechanicsA 4.1A 4.2≈ 45 min🎮 3 games
Before you start

By the end of this lesson you can…

Step 1 · Watch

Explainer video

5 narrated scenes. Press play, listen and read along — the points appear as they are explained. Use ‹ Prev / Next › or the scene bar to jump to any scene.

LESSON A9 · EXPLAINER

Motion in a Straight Line: Speed, Velocity, Acceleration and Graphs

A speedometer shows speed. A velocity–time graph shows everything: how fast, how quickly it changed, and how far the car went.

Narration uses your device’s built-in voice. No sound? Switch to “Captions only” — the captions advance on their own.

Step 2 · Read

Key notes

Copy these into your notebook in your own words — that is how they stick.

Distance / displacement

Distance: scalar path length. Displacement: vector, straight line start → finish.

Speed / velocity

speed = distance ÷ time; velocity = displacement ÷ time.

Acceleration

a = (v − u) ÷ t; m/s²; negative = deceleration.

d–t graph

Gradient = speed; horizontal = stationary.

v–t graph

Gradient = acceleration; area = distance.

Area formulas

Triangle ½bh; rectangle bh; trapezium ½(a + b)h.

Average speed

Total distance ÷ total time (not the mean of speeds).

Free fall

g ≈ 10 m/s²: speed rises by 10 m/s each second.

EXAM TIPS & COMMON MISTAKES

  • Distance and displacement are not the same: a lap of a 400 m track has distance 400 m but displacement 0.
  • Gradient of v–t is acceleration; gradient of d–t is speed — do not mix them.
  • For a v–t graph with several stages, work out each area separately and add.
  • If the question says “from rest”, u = 0.
Play & practise

Games

3 quick games on this lesson. Earn XP and badges as you play — your best score for each game is saved. Games are for practice and do not change your exam readiness. More games in the Physics Arcade.

Step 3 · Practise

Paper 1 practice — multiple choice

8 items modelled on real CSEC Paper 1 questions. Choose one answer for each, then check. Aim for 80% or better. Work each item on paper first.

Syllabus A 4.1

1. Which quantity is a vector?

Answer: D. Displacement has direction.
Syllabus A 4.1

2. A car travels 120 m in 8.0 s. Its average speed is

Answer: A. 120 ÷ 8.0 = 15 m/s.
Syllabus A 4.1

3. A cyclist increases speed from 2 m/s to 8 m/s in 3 s. The acceleration is

Answer: B. (8 − 2) ÷ 3 = 2 m/s².
Syllabus A 4.2

4. The gradient of a velocity–time graph gives

Answer: C. Δv ÷ Δt = acceleration.
Syllabus A 4.2

5. The area under a velocity–time graph gives

Answer: D. Velocity × time = distance.
Syllabus A 4.2

6. A horizontal line on a distance–time graph means the object is

Answer: A. Distance does not change with time.
Syllabus A 4.2

7. A velocity–time graph is a straight line from (0, 0) to (4 s, 12 m/s). The distance covered is

Answer: B. Area = ½ × 4 × 12 = 24 m.
Syllabus A 4.1

8. A runner completes one lap of a 400 m track in 50 s and finishes where she started. Her average velocity for the lap is

Answer: C. Displacement is zero so average velocity is zero.
Step 4 · Apply

Paper 2 practice — structured questions

Write full answers, then reveal the mark scheme and tick the points you earned (16 marks in total). Show all your working — method marks count. Your answers are saved on this device.

Paper 2 style · Velocity–time graph

Question 1 [16 marks]

The graph shows a car’s velocity v against time t. It rises uniformly from 0 to 20 m/s in 8 s, stays constant for 10 s, then falls uniformly to rest in 5 s. A calculator may be used.

(a) (a) Calculate the acceleration during the first 8 s. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 3)

(b) (b) Describe the motion between t = 8 s and t = 18 s. [1]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 1)

(c) (c) Calculate the deceleration in the last 5 s. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 3)

(d) (d) Calculate the total distance travelled. [4]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 4)

(e) (e) Calculate the average speed for the whole journey. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (e) (max 3)

(f) (f) Distinguish between distance and displacement. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (f) (max 2)

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Sources

Where this topic appears in CSEC papers

Find these in your own past-paper booklets for extra timed practice. Items above are written in the style of these papers; any adapted from a specific question say so.