CSEC MATHEMATICS · MODULE 1 · LESSON A16

Introduction to Graphs: Linear Functions and Intercepts

Plotting coordinates, drawing y = c, x = k and y = mx + c, finding gradient and intercepts, and using straight-line graphs to solve real problems.

Fundamentals of Secondary Level MathematicsM1 6.1M1 6.2M1 6.3≈ 35 min🎮 3 games
Before you start

By the end of this lesson you can…

Step 1 · Watch

Explainer video

5 narrated scenes. Press play, listen and read along — the points appear as they are explained. Use ‹ Prev / Next › or the scene bar to jump to any scene.

LESSON A16 · EXPLAINER

Introduction to Graphs: Linear Functions and Intercepts

A taxi charges $5 plus $2 a kilometre. One straight line tells you the fare for any journey — that is the power of a linear graph.

Narration uses your device’s built-in voice. No sound? Switch to “Captions only” — the captions advance on their own.

Explore in 3D

Linear graphs

Change the gradient and the intercept.

Step 2 · Read

Key notes

Copy these into your notebook in your own words — that is how they stick.

Special lines

y = c horizontal; x = k vertical; x-axis is y = 0; y-axis is x = 0.

y = mx + c

m gradient, c y-intercept. Parallel lines: same m.

Drawing a line

Table of three values → plot → ruler. Label the line with its equation.

Gradient

m = (y₂ − y₁)/(x₂ − x₁) = rise ÷ run. Sign shows uphill/downhill.

Intercepts

y-int: x = 0. x-int: y = 0.

Real problems

c = fixed starting value; m = rate of change.

Axes and scale

Use a ruler, label axes with quantity and units, use a scale that fills the grid.

Reading graphs

Draw construction lines from the value on one axis to the line, then to the other axis.

EXAM TIPS & COMMON MISTAKES

  • “Draw” means a sharp pencil, a ruler, labelled axes with units and a sensible scale. Marks are for each of these.
  • Substitute x = 0 for the y-intercept and y = 0 for the x-intercept — and do not swap them.
  • Calculate the gradient as change in y over change in x — in that order, with the same point order on top and bottom.
  • In context, say what the gradient and intercept mean: “$2 per km” and “$5 fixed charge”.
Play & practise

Games

3 quick games on this lesson. Earn XP and badges as you play — your best score for each game is saved. Games are for practice and do not change your exam readiness. More games in the Mathematics Arcade.

Step 3 · Practise

Paper 1 practice — multiple choice

8 items modelled on real CSEC Paper 1 questions. Choose one answer for each, then check. Aim for 80% or better. Work each item on paper first.

CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 6.2

1. The y-intercept of the line y = 3x − 5 is

Answer: D. Put x = 0: y = −5.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 6.2

2. The x-intercept of the line y = 2x − 6 is

Answer: A. Put y = 0: 2x = 6 → x = 3.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 6.1

3. The gradient of the line through (1, 2) and (3, 8) is

Answer: B. (8 − 2)/(3 − 1) = 3.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 6.1

4. Which line is parallel to y = 2x + 1?

Answer: C. Parallel lines have the same gradient, 2.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 6.1

5. The equation of the horizontal line through the point (0, 4) is

Answer: D. Every point on the line has y-coordinate 4.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 6.2

6. The line x = −2 crosses the x-axis at

Answer: A. x = −2 is vertical, crossing the x-axis at (−2, 0).
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 6.3

7. A taxi fare is C = 5 + 2d dollars for a journey of d km. The fare for 12 km is

Answer: B. 5 + 2(12) = 29.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 6.3

8. In the taxi fare C = 5 + 2d, the number 2 represents

Answer: C. The gradient 2 is the cost per kilometre; 5 is the fixed charge.
Step 4 · Apply

Paper 2 practice — structured questions

Write full answers, then reveal the mark scheme and tick the points you earned (19 marks in total). Show all your working — method marks count. Your answers are saved on this device.

CSEC Paper 02 style · Module 1 (Linear graphs)

Question 1 [10 marks]

The equation of a straight line is y = 3x − 2.

(a) Complete the table of values for x = −1, 0, 1, 2, 3. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 2)

(b) On graph paper, draw the line using a scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on the x-axis and 1 cm to 1 unit on the y-axis. (Check your drawing: ruled line through (0, −2) and (2, 4), labelled axes, correct scale.) [3]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 3)

(c) Write down the gradient and the y-intercept, and calculate the x-intercept. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 3)

(d) Write the equation of the line parallel to this line that passes through (0, 1). [2]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 2)

CSEC Paper 02 style · Module 1 (Graphs in context)

Question 2 [9 marks]

A car-rental company charges a fixed fee of $40 plus $0.50 for every kilometre driven. The cost C dollars for d kilometres is C = 40 + 0.5d.

(a) Calculate the cost of driving 120 km. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 2)

(b) State the meaning of the number 0.5 in the formula and the point where the graph cuts the C-axis. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 2)

(c) Mr Singh paid $85. How many kilometres did he drive? [2]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 2)

(d) Another company charges C = 25 + 0.65d. For what distance do the two companies charge the same amount? [3]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 3)

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Sources

Where this topic appears in CSEC papers

Find these in your own past-paper booklets for extra timed practice. Items above are written in the style of these papers; any adapted from a specific question say so.