CSEC MATHEMATICS · MODULE 1 · LESSON A15

Linear Equations, Inequalities, Formulae and Word Problems

Solving linear equations and inequalities, changing the subject of a formula, forming equations from worded problems, and proving that two expressions are identical.

Fundamentals of Secondary Level MathematicsM1 5.10M1 5.11M1 5.12M1 5.14M1 5.15≈ 40 min🎮 3 games
Before you start

By the end of this lesson you can…

Step 1 · Watch

Explainer video

5 narrated scenes. Press play, listen and read along — the points appear as they are explained. Use ‹ Prev / Next › or the scene bar to jump to any scene.

LESSON A15 · EXPLAINER

Linear Equations, Inequalities, Formulae and Word Problems

“Find the number.” “How old is Mary?” “How many balloons can Lisa buy?” — algebra turns riddles into equations you can solve in three lines.

Narration uses your device’s built-in voice. No sound? Switch to “Captions only” — the captions advance on their own.

Step 2 · Read

Key notes

Copy these into your notebook in your own words — that is how they stick.

Linear equations

Expand brackets → collect x terms one side, numbers the other → divide by the coefficient of x. Check by substituting.

Fractions in equations

Multiply every term by the LCD.

Inequalities

Same steps as equations; REVERSE the sign when multiplying or dividing by a negative number.

Representing solutions

Open circle for < and >; closed circle for ≤ and ≥; set-builder {x : x > 3}.

Change of subject

Undo operations in reverse; if the subject is in a bracket, expand or divide first.

Word problems

Define letter → form equation → solve → answer in words → check.

Consecutive numbers

n, n + 1, n + 2 (integers); n, n + 2, n + 4 (even or odd).

Identity

True for all values (≡). Prove by expanding one side to match the other.

EXAM TIPS & COMMON MISTAKES

  • Flip the inequality sign when you multiply or divide by a negative number — the most common lost mark.
  • Define your letter in words (“Let x = the number of red balloons”) before forming an equation.
  • Check your solution in the ORIGINAL equation, not the one you rewrote.
  • To prove an identity never move terms across the ≡; transform one side until it matches the other.
Play & practise

Games

3 quick games on this lesson. Earn XP and badges as you play — your best score for each game is saved. Games are for practice and do not change your exam readiness. More games in the Mathematics Arcade.

Step 3 · Practise

Paper 1 practice — multiple choice

8 items modelled on real CSEC Paper 1 questions. Choose one answer for each, then check. Aim for 80% or better. Work each item on paper first.

CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 5.10

1. The solution of 3x − 7 = 11 is

Answer: A. 3x = 18 → x = 6.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 5.10

2. The solution of 2(x + 3) = 5x − 9 is

Answer: B. 2x + 6 = 5x − 9 → 15 = 3x → x = 5.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 5.11

3. The solution of the inequality 5x − 3 > 12 is

Answer: C. 5x > 15 → x > 3.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 5.11

4. The solution of −2x < 8 is

Answer: D. Dividing by −2 reverses the sign: x > −4.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 5.12

5. Making x the subject of y = mx + c gives

Answer: A. y − c = mx → x = (y − c)/m.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 5.12

6. If V = πr²h, then r is equal to

Answer: B. r² = V/(πh) → r = √(V/πh).
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 5.14

7. The sum of three consecutive integers is 63. The smallest of the three is

Answer: B. n + (n + 1) + (n + 2) = 63 → 3n = 60 → n = 20.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 5.15

8. Which of the following is an identity?

Answer: C. Only (x + 2)² = x² + 4x + 4 is true for every value of x.
Step 4 · Apply

Paper 2 practice — structured questions

Write full answers, then reveal the mark scheme and tick the points you earned (18 marks in total). Show all your working — method marks count. Your answers are saved on this device.

CSEC Paper 02 style · Module 1 (Equations and inequalities)

Question 1 [9 marks]

Answer all parts.

(a) Solve 4(2x − 1) = 3x + 11. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 2)

(b) Solve the inequality 5 − 3p > 2p − 10. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 2)

(c) Determine the LARGEST integer value of p that satisfies the inequality in (b). [1]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 1)

(d) Given S = ½n(a + l), make l the subject of the formula. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 2)

(e) A phone plan costs $30 per month plus $0.20 per minute. For how many minutes of calls is the monthly bill $60? [2]

MARK SCHEME — (e) (max 2)

CSEC Paper 02 style · Module 1 (Word problems and identities)

Question 2 [9 marks]

Mary is 4 years older than twice Tom’s age. The sum of their ages is 31.

(a) If Tom’s age is t, write an equation and solve it to find Tom’s age and Mary’s age. [4]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 4)

(b) Prove that (x + 4)² − (x − 4)² ≡ 16x. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 3)

(c) Lisa has $56. She buys x red balloons at $0.75 each and y green balloons at $0.50 each, with at least 15 red balloons and no more than 70 balloons in total. Write TWO inequalities in x and y (other than x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0). [2]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 2)

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Sources

Where this topic appears in CSEC papers

Find these in your own past-paper booklets for extra timed practice. Items above are written in the style of these papers; any adapted from a specific question say so.