CSEC ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS · SECTION 4 · LESSON D1

Data: Types, Quartiles, Percentiles, Stem-and-Leaf and Box-and-Whisker Plots

Types of data, quartiles and percentiles from raw and grouped data, the range, interquartile range and semi-interquartile range, and drawing and interpreting stem-and-leaf and box-and-whisker diagrams.

Probability and StatisticsS4 A.1S4 A.2S4 A.3S4 A.4S4 A.5≈ 45 min🎮 3 games
Before you start

By the end of this lesson you can…

Step 1 · Watch

Explainer video

5 narrated scenes. Press play, listen and read along — the points appear as they are explained. Use ‹ Prev / Next › or the scene bar to jump to any scene.

LESSON D1 · EXPLAINER

Data: Types, Quartiles, Percentiles, Stem-and-Leaf and Box-and-Whisker Plots

Fifteen numbers tell you nothing until you organise them. A stem-and-leaf diagram and a box plot show the middle, the spread and the shape in seconds.

Narration uses your device’s built-in voice. No sound? Switch to “Captions only” — the captions advance on their own.

Step 2 · Read

Key notes

Copy these into your notebook in your own words — that is how they stick.

Data types

Qualitative (categories) vs quantitative (discrete counted; continuous measured).

Quartiles (raw)

Q₁ at (n + 1)/4; Q₂ at (n + 1)/2; Q₃ at 3(n + 1)/4.

Spread

Range; IQR = Q₃ − Q₁; SIQR = IQR/2.

Percentile

P-th percentile at position P(n + 1)/100.

Grouped data

Interpolate: L + [(position − cf before)/f] × class width, using boundaries.

Stem-and-leaf

Ordered leaves and a key; shows every value.

Box plot

Min, Q₁, median, Q₃, max; shows spread and skew; hides individual values.

Compare

Use median and IQR to compare two box plots.

EXAM TIPS & COMMON MISTAKES

  • Order the data BEFORE finding quartiles.
  • Always give a key with a stem-and-leaf diagram.
  • For grouped data use class BOUNDARIES in the interpolation formula.
  • When comparing box plots, comment on the median (centre) AND the IQR (spread).
Play & practise

Games

3 quick games on this lesson. Earn XP and badges as you play — your best score for each game is saved. Games are for practice and do not change your exam readiness. More games in the Additional Mathematics Arcade.

Step 3 · Practise

Paper 1 practice — multiple choice

8 items modelled on real CSEC Paper 1 questions. Choose one answer for each, then check. Aim for 80% or better. Work each item on paper first.

Adapted from CSEC P1 May/June 2024 (box-and-whisker advantage item)

1. One advantage of using a box-and-whisker plot is that

Answer: C. It shows the median, quartiles and range.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO A.2

2. The lower quartile of 62, 65, 67, 71, 74, 76, 79, 83, 84, 90, 92, 94, 99, 103, 108 is

Answer: B. Position (15 + 1)/4 = 4.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO A.2

3. The interquartile range of the same data is

Answer: B. 94 − 71.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO A.2

4. The semi-interquartile range of the same data is

Answer: A. 23 ÷ 2.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO A.1

5. The number of siblings of a student is an example of

Answer: D. It is counted.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO A.4

6. A disadvantage of a stem-and-leaf diagram is that it

Answer: A. It shows every value but gets long.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO A.3

7. In a stem-and-leaf diagram with key 6 | 2 = 62, the entry 9 | 4 represents

Answer: B. Stem 9 (tens), leaf 4.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO A.2

8. The 90th percentile of the 15 ordered values is at position

Answer: B. 0.9 × 16.
Step 4 · Apply

Paper 2 practice — structured questions

Write full answers, then reveal the mark scheme and tick the points you earned (27 marks in total). Show all your working — method marks count. Your answers are saved on this device.

CSEC Paper 02 style · Section 4 (Data representation)

Question 1 [13 marks]

The scores of 15 students in a test are: 62, 65, 67, 71, 74, 76, 79, 83, 84, 90, 92, 94, 99, 103, 108.

(a) Construct a stem-and-leaf diagram for the data, with a key. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 3)

(b) Find the median, the lower quartile, the upper quartile and the interquartile range. [5]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 5)

(c) Draw a box-and-whisker plot of the data. (Check: scale, whiskers 62 and 108, box from 71 to 94, median line at 83.) [3]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 3)

(d) Calculate the 90th percentile. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 2)

CSEC Paper 02 style · Section 4 (Grouped data)

Question 2 [14 marks]

The heights of 40 students are: 140–149 (6), 150–159 (10), 160–169 (14), 170–179 (7), 180–189 (3).

(a) Construct a cumulative frequency table using the upper class boundaries. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 2)

(b) Estimate the median height. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 3)

(c) Estimate the lower and upper quartiles and the interquartile range. [4]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 4)

(d) Estimate the 90th percentile. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 3)

(e) State one advantage and one disadvantage of a box-and-whisker plot for this data. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (e) (max 2)

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Sources

Where this topic appears in CSEC papers

Find these in your own past-paper booklets for extra timed practice. Items above are written in the style of these papers; any adapted from a specific question say so.