CSEC ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS · SECTION 2 · LESSON B8

Solving Trigonometric Equations

Solving simple trigonometric equations in 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π, equations that factorise or reduce to quadratics using identities, and graphical interpretation.

Coordinate Geometry, Vectors and TrigonometryS2 C.12≈ 45 min🎮 3 games
Before you start

By the end of this lesson you can…

Step 1 · Watch

Explainer video

5 narrated scenes. Press play, listen and read along — the points appear as they are explained. Use ‹ Prev / Next › or the scene bar to jump to any scene.

LESSON B8 · EXPLAINER

Solving Trigonometric Equations

“Find all x between 0 and 2π with 2 sin x = 1.” Two answers, not one — and a checklist that finds them every time.

Narration uses your device’s built-in voice. No sound? Switch to “Captions only” — the captions advance on their own.

Explore in 3D

Solving trig equations

Slide the line y = k across the graph and read off the solutions.

Step 2 · Read

Key notes

Copy these into your notebook in your own words — that is how they stick.

Procedure

Isolate → principal value → CAST → all solutions in range.

Reference angle

Ignore the sign to find the acute angle; use CAST for the quadrants.

Do not divide

Factorise instead of dividing by sin x or cos x.

Use identities

Convert to ONE function: sin²x = 1 − cos²x, sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x, cos 2x = 1 − 2sin²x …

Reject

|sin x| > 1 or |cos x| > 1 has no solution.

Multiple angles

For sin kx on 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π search 0 ≤ kx ≤ 2kπ.

Graphical

Solutions are x-coordinates where the graph meets the line y = constant (or another curve).

Units

Radians unless degrees are specified.

EXAM TIPS & COMMON MISTAKES

  • Never divide by sin x or cos x — you can lose solutions. Factorise instead.
  • Reject values outside −1 to 1 and explain why.
  • List ALL solutions in the interval; check your count against the graph.
  • Use exact values in terms of π when possible; give decimals to 3 d.p. otherwise.
Play & practise

Games

3 quick games on this lesson. Earn XP and badges as you play — your best score for each game is saved. Games are for practice and do not change your exam readiness. More games in the Additional Mathematics Arcade.

Step 3 · Practise

Paper 1 practice — multiple choice

8 items modelled on real CSEC Paper 1 questions. Choose one answer for each, then check. Aim for 80% or better. Work each item on paper first.

CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.12

1. The solutions of 2 sin x = 1 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π are

Answer: D. Sine is positive in quadrants I and II.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.12

2. The solutions of cos x = −½ for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π are

Answer: A. Cosine negative in II and III, reference π/3.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.12

3. The solutions of tan x = 1 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π are

Answer: B. Tangent positive in I and III.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.12

4. The equation sin 2x = cos x can be written as

Answer: C. 2 sin x cos x − cos x = 0.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.12

5. The solutions of sin 2x = cos x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π include

Answer: D. cos x = 0 or sin x = ½.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.12

6. 2cos²x − cos x − 1 = 0 factorises as

Answer: A. Expand to check.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.12

7. Which equation has NO solution for real x?

Answer: B. cos x cannot exceed 1.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO C.12

8. The number of solutions of sin 2x = cos 2x in 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π is

Answer: C. tan 2x = 1: four values of 2x in [0, 4π].
Step 4 · Apply

Paper 2 practice — structured questions

Write full answers, then reveal the mark scheme and tick the points you earned (26 marks in total). Show all your working — method marks count. Your answers are saved on this device.

CSEC Paper 02 style · Section 2 (Trigonometric equations)

Question 1 [13 marks]

Solve each equation for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π, giving exact answers in terms of π unless stated otherwise.

(a) 2 sin x = 1 [3]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 3)

(b) 2cos²x − cos x − 1 = 0 [5]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 5)

(c) sin 2x = cos x [5]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 5)

CSEC Paper 02 style · Section 2 (Using identities)

Question 2 [13 marks]

Solve each equation for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π.

(a) 2sin²x + 3cos x = 0 [6]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 6)

(b) tan x = 2, giving answers in radians to 3 decimal places. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 3)

(c) sin 2x = cos 2x [4]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 4)

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Sources

Where this topic appears in CSEC papers

Find these in your own past-paper booklets for extra timed practice. Items above are written in the style of these papers; any adapted from a specific question say so.