Encryption

Encodes data so only an authorised party can decode it.

Authentication

Verifies identity before software/data can be used.

Usernames/passwords

Different access levels for different users.

Biometrics

Measures fingerprints, retinas, voice or facial patterns to verify identity.

Firewall

Tracks and controls communications, allowing, rejecting or encrypting them.

Audit trails / transaction logs

Record system activity and database modifications for later review.

Intrusion detection / anti-virus

Identify attempts to breach a system, and eradicate malware.

Risks, Threats & Mitigation Strategies