Section A: Living Organisms in the Environment
This section introduces the variety of life and the interrelationships between organisms and their surroundings.
It covers classification into the five kingdoms, ecological concepts such as niche, habitat, and population,
energy flow through food webs, and the impact of human activities such as pollution and climate change.
Section B: Life Processes and Disease
The largest section of the syllabus explores how organisms function, focusing on humans and flowering plants.
Key topics include cell biology, nutrition, photosynthesis, digestion, respiration, transport, excretion,
irritability, movement, reproduction, and the nature and control of disease.
Section C: Continuity and Variation
This section focuses on how traits are passed between generations and how species evolve. Core areas include
genetics, DNA, mitosis, meiosis, Punnett squares, inheritance patterns, variation, natural selection,
evolution, and applications of genetic engineering.
The Practical Approach: School-Based Assessment
The syllabus emphasizes inquiry-based learning through a minimum of 18 practical exercises. Students are
evaluated on five experimental skills: Planning and Designing, Manipulation and Measurement, Observation,
Recording and Reporting, Analysis and Interpretation, and Drawing.