CSEC MATHEMATICS · MODULE 3 · LESSON C6

Circle Theorems

The angle at the centre, angles in a semicircle and in the same segment, cyclic quadrilaterals, tangents, the alternate segment theorem and chords, with reasons.

Higher Concepts in Secondary Level MathematicsM3 3.1≈ 45 min🎮 3 games
Before you start

By the end of this lesson you can…

Step 1 · Watch

Explainer video

7 narrated scenes. Press play, listen and read along — the points appear as they are explained. Use ‹ Prev / Next › or the scene bar to jump to any scene.

LESSON C6 · EXPLAINER

Circle Theorems

“Giving reasons” is the whole game in circle geometry. Learn eight short statements — and the diagram that goes with each — and every circle question becomes a chain of reasons.

Narration uses your device’s built-in voice. No sound? Switch to “Captions only” — the captions advance on their own.

Explore in 3D

Circle theorems

Move the points on the circle.

Step 2 · Read

Key notes

Copy these into your notebook in your own words — that is how they stick.

Centre / circumference

Angle at the centre = 2 × angle at the circumference (same arc).

Semicircle

Angle in a semicircle = 90°.

Same segment

Angles in the same segment (same chord, same side) are equal.

Cyclic quadrilateral

Opposite angles add to 180°; exterior angle = interior opposite angle.

Tangent

Tangent ⟂ radius; tangents from an external point are equal in length.

Alternate segment

Tangent–chord angle = angle in the alternate segment.

Chord

Perpendicular from the centre bisects the chord.

Reasons

Always state the theorem next to each angle — the reason is worth a mark.

EXAM TIPS & COMMON MISTAKES

  • Write the reason in words beside every angle: “angle in a semicircle”, “opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral”.
  • Mark known angles and equal radii on the diagram first; isosceles triangles appear whenever two radii meet.
  • Pythagoras works with a tangent and radius (right angle) and with a half-chord.
  • Check each answer is sensible: an angle at the circumference is never bigger than the one at the centre it stands on.
Play & practise

Games

3 quick games on this lesson. Earn XP and badges as you play — your best score for each game is saved. Games are for practice and do not change your exam readiness. More games in the Mathematics Arcade.

Step 3 · Practise

Paper 1 practice — multiple choice

8 items modelled on real CSEC Paper 1 questions. Choose one answer for each, then check. Aim for 80% or better. Work each item on paper first.

CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 3.1

1. The angle at the centre of a circle is 124°. The angle at the circumference standing on the same arc is

Answer: A. Angle at the circumference is half the angle at the centre.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 3.1

2. AB is a diameter and P is a point on the circle. Angle APB is

Answer: B. Angle in a semicircle.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 3.1

3. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. Angle A = 105°. Angle C is

Answer: C. Opposite angles add to 180°.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 3.1

4. A tangent is drawn to a circle at T, centre O. The angle between the tangent and OT is

Answer: D. A tangent is perpendicular to the radius.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 3.1

5. Tangents PS and PT are drawn to a circle from an external point P. PS = 12 cm. PT is

Answer: A. Tangents from an external point are equal.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 3.1

6. The radius of a circle is 10 cm. A chord is 16 cm long. The distance of the chord from the centre is

Answer: B. √(100 − 64) = 6.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 3.1

7. Angles APB and AQB are on the same side of chord AB. Angle APB = 38°. Angle AQB is

Answer: C. Angles in the same segment are equal.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO 3.1

8. The angle between a tangent and a chord is 48°. The angle in the alternate segment is

Answer: D. Alternate segment theorem.
Step 4 · Apply

Paper 2 practice — structured questions

Write full answers, then reveal the mark scheme and tick the points you earned (18 marks in total). Show all your working — method marks count. Your answers are saved on this device.

CSEC Paper 02 style · Module 3 (Circle theorems)

Question 1 [9 marks]

A, B, C and D are points on a circle with centre O. Angle AOC = 124°, where B and D lie on opposite arcs. The tangent at A makes an angle with the chord AC.

(a) Find angle ABC (B on the major arc). State the reason. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 2)

(b) Find angle ADC (D on the minor arc). State the reason. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 3)

(c) State the angle between the tangent at A and the chord AC, with the reason. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 2)

(d) Triangle OAC has OA = OC. Find angle OAC, with a reason. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 2)

CSEC Paper 02 style · Module 3 (Tangents and chords)

Question 2 [9 marks]

PT is a tangent to a circle with centre O and radius 5 cm at T. OP = 13 cm.

(a) State the size of angle OTP with a reason. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 2)

(b) Calculate PT. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 3)

(c) The second tangent from P touches the circle at S. State the length of PS and the reason. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 2)

(d) A chord of the same circle (radius 5 cm) is 8 cm long. Find its distance from the centre. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 2)

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Sources

Where this topic appears in CSEC papers

Find these in your own past-paper booklets for extra timed practice. Items above are written in the style of these papers; any adapted from a specific question say so.