CSEC CHEMISTRY · SECTION C · LESSON C9

Qualitative Analysis: Identifying Anions and Gases

Tests for carbonate, sulfate, sulfite, nitrate and the halide ions, the laboratory tests for the common gases including water, and how to plan an unknown-identification investigation.

Inorganic ChemistryC 6.2C 6.3≈ 55 min🎮 3 games
Before you start

By the end of this lesson you can…

Step 1 · Watch

Explainer video

5 narrated scenes. Press play, listen and read along — the points appear as they are explained. Use ‹ Prev / Next › or the scene bar to jump to any scene.

LESSON C9 · EXPLAINER

Qualitative Analysis: Identifying Anions and Gases

Every food-safety inspector, forensic lab and water-testing team uses the same logic as this lesson: add a reagent and read the evidence.

Narration uses your device’s built-in voice. No sound? Switch to “Captions only” — the captions advance on their own.

Step 2 · Read

Key notes

Copy these into your notebook in your own words — that is how they stick.

CO₃²⁻

Dilute acid → CO₂, limewater milky.

SO₃²⁻

Dilute acid → SO₂; KMnO₄ decolourised.

SO₄²⁻

BaCl₂ after acid: white ppt insoluble in acid.

NO₃⁻

Heat: brown NO₂; Al + NaOH: NH₃.

Halides

AgNO₃: white, cream, yellow; NH₃ solubility differs.

H₂ and O₂

Squeaky pop; relights glowing splint.

NH₃, SO₂, Cl₂, NO₂

Damp red litmus blue; KMnO₄ decolourised; bleaches; brown gas.

Water

CuSO₄ white → blue; CoCl₂ paper blue → pink.

EXAM TIPS & COMMON MISTAKES

  • For sulfate, acidify FIRST, then add barium: otherwise carbonate gives a false positive.
  • Silver halide solubility in ammonia separates Cl⁻ (dilute), Br⁻ (concentrated), I⁻ (none).
  • Give BOTH the test AND the observation, then the gas/ion name.
  • Use correct colour words: cream (bromide), yellow (iodide), white (chloride).
Play & practise

Games

3 quick games on this lesson. Earn XP and badges as you play — your best score for each game is saved. Games are for practice and do not change your exam readiness. More games in the Chemistry Arcade.

Step 3 · Practise

Paper 1 practice — multiple choice

8 items modelled on real CSEC Paper 1 questions. Choose one answer for each, then check. Aim for 80% or better. Work each item on paper first.

Syllabus C 6.2

1. Effervescence with dilute acid and a gas that turns limewater milky shows the presence of

Answer: D. CO₂ forms.
Syllabus C 6.2

2. A white precipitate with barium chloride that does not dissolve in dilute acid shows

Answer: A. BaSO₄ is insoluble in acid.
Syllabus C 6.2

3. A cream precipitate with acidified silver nitrate shows

Answer: B. AgBr.
Syllabus C 6.2

4. A yellow precipitate with acidified silver nitrate that is insoluble in ammonia shows

Answer: C. AgI.
Syllabus C 6.2

5. Heating a solid produces a brown gas. The solid is probably a

Answer: D. Nitrogen dioxide is brown.
Syllabus C 6.3

6. Which gas relights a glowing splint?

Answer: A. Oxygen supports burning.
Syllabus C 6.3

7. A gas that decolourises acidified potassium manganate(VII) and turns damp blue litmus red is

Answer: B. SO₂ is a reducing agent and acidic.
Syllabus C 6.3

8. Water is detected by

Answer: C. White to blue.
Step 4 · Apply

Paper 2 practice — structured questions

Write full answers, then reveal the mark scheme and tick the points you earned (15 marks in total). Show all your working — method marks count. Your answers are saved on this device.

Paper 2 style · Anions and gases

Question 1 [15 marks]

A white solid, T, was analysed. It effervesced with dilute hydrochloric acid, releasing a colourless gas.

(a) (a) State a chemical test for the gas, and the result if it is carbon dioxide. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 2)

(b) (b) Write an ionic equation for the reaction of carbonate with acid. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 2)

(c) (c) Describe a test for the sulfate ion and state the expected observation. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 3)

(d) (d) Describe how chloride, bromide and iodide ions can be distinguished using silver nitrate and ammonia. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 3)

(e) (e) State the test and the result for each of ammonia gas and chlorine gas. [4]

MARK SCHEME — (e) (max 4)

(f) (f) State how water can be shown to be produced in a reaction. [1]

MARK SCHEME — (f) (max 1)

Your progress

Lesson readiness

0%
READY
Not started
Video watched (20%)0%
Multiple choice (40%)0%
Structured (40%)0%

Sources

Where this topic appears in CSEC papers

Find these in your own past-paper booklets for extra timed practice. Items above are written in the style of these papers; any adapted from a specific question say so.