CSEC BIOLOGY · LAB PREPARATION · LESSON L13

Practicals: Transpiration and Invertebrate Behaviour

Measuring water loss by weighing and with a potometer, and investigating woodlice responses in a choice chamber — both in the specimen Paper 03/2.

Practical Skills and the SBAB4.9B7.2≈ 25 min🎮 3 games
Before you start

By the end of this lesson you can…

Step 1 · Watch

Explainer video

4 narrated scenes. Press play, listen and read along — the points appear as they are explained. Use ‹ Prev / Next › or the scene bar to jump to any scene.

LESSON L13 · EXPLAINER

Practicals: Transpiration and Invertebrate Behaviour

Both of these appear in the CXC specimen Paper 03/2. Know the set-ups and you can draw them from memory.

Narration uses your device’s built-in voice. No sound? Switch to “Captions only” — the captions advance on their own.

Step 2 · Read

Key notes

Copy these into your notebook in your own words — that is how they stick.

Weighing method

Shoot in a clear bag or pot sealed; weigh hourly; mass loss ≈ transpiration.

Potometer

Measures water uptake; cut under water; airtight; bubble distance per time.

Choice chamber

Light/dark, damp/dry zones; count at intervals; woodlice prefer dark & damp.

Limitations

Darkness incomplete; conditions drift; small sample.

EXAM TIPS & COMMON MISTAKES

  • When drawing the weighing set-up, show the bag, the string at the base and the balance — each is a mark.
Step 2 · Learn from examples

Worked examples & study resources

The kind of support a teacher gives after the lesson: worked examples to attempt first, a board illustration, key terms, common misconceptions and memory aids.

Worked example 1

Rate of water loss by weighing

A potted plant, with the pot and soil sealed in a plastic bag, had a mass of 856.0 g. After 48 hours it was 832.0 g. (a) Calculate the rate of water loss per hour. (b) Why was the pot sealed in a bag? (c) Suggest one way to compare rates under different conditions.

Try it in your notebook first, then reveal the solution one step at a time.

  1. (a) Mass lost = 856.0 − 832.0 = 24.0 g. Rate = 24.0 ÷ 48 = 0.5 g per hour.
  2. (b) Sealing the pot and soil stops water evaporating from the soil, so the mass lost is (almost) all water transpired from the leaves.
  3. (c) Repeat with identical plants in different conditions (e.g. near a fan, in shade, in sun) and compare the rates; keep the plant species, size and time the same.
Answer. (a) 0.5 g per hour. (b) To prevent evaporation from the soil, so mass loss is due to transpiration. (c) Identical plants in different conditions, same time.
Examiner’s tip. Mass loss is a good measure because it measures water lost directly — unlike a potometer, which measures water uptake.
Worked example 2

Woodlice in a choice chamber

Ten woodlice were placed in a choice chamber with four zones. After 10 minutes: damp-dark 6, damp-light 2, dry-dark 2, dry-light 0. Repeated three times with similar results. (a) What do the results show? (b) Explain the survival value. (c) Give two precautions.

Try it in your notebook first, then reveal the solution one step at a time.

  1. (a) Most woodlice (6 of 10) moved to the damp, dark zone and none stayed in dry light — they prefer damp, dark conditions.
  2. (b) Woodlice lose water easily through their exoskeleton; damp places reduce water loss. Dark places hide them from predators and are usually damp too.
  3. (c) Precautions: handle woodlice gently with a soft brush; release them afterwards; leave them a few minutes to settle; rotate the chamber between repeats so that a side effect (e.g. a draught) is not mistaken for a preference.
  4. Three repeats make the results more reliable.
Answer. (a) Woodlice prefer damp, dark conditions. (b) Reduces water loss and the risk from predators. (c) Gentle handling and release; rotate the chamber between repeats; allow time to settle.
Examiner’s tip. Movement towards or away from a stimulus helps the animal survive — always state the survival value in the explanation.
On the board · Choice chamber set-up
ZoneMoistureLightHow it is made
1DampDarkWet filter paper underneath; covered with black paper
2DampLightWet filter paper; uncovered
3DryDarkDrying agent (e.g. silica gel); covered
4DryLightDrying agent; uncovered

Each quarter has a different combination of moisture and light.

Key terms

Transpiration
Loss of water vapour from the aerial parts of a plant.
Potometer
Measures water uptake by a shoot.
Choice chamber
Apparatus giving small animals a choice of conditions.
Taxis
Movement towards or away from a directional stimulus.
Kinesis
Change in speed or turning rate in response to conditions, not direction.

Common misconceptions

  • ✗ The plant’s mass loss includes water from the soil.✓ Sealing the soil in a bag means the mass loss is from the plant itself.
  • ✗ One trial with ten woodlice is enough.✓ Repeat several times and rotate the chamber to make the results reliable.
  • ✗ Woodlice go to the dark because they are “scared”.✓ Give the biological reason: dark, damp places reduce water loss and predation.

Memory aid

Woodlice want D-D: Damp and Dark.

Real-life link

Gardeners in the Caribbean find woodlice and millipedes under pots, stones and leaf litter — exactly the damp, dark places the choice chamber predicts.

Try this

Look under five stones or flowerpots and five open patches of ground. Count the woodlice or millipedes in each and see if the results match the choice-chamber prediction.

Play & practise

Games

3 quick games on this lesson. Earn XP and badges as you play — your best score for each game is saved. Games are for practice and do not change your exam readiness.

Step 3 · Practise

Paper 1 practice — multiple choice

6 items modelled on real CSEC Paper 1 questions. Choose one answer for each, then check. Aim for 80% or better.

Adapted from CSEC Specimen Paper 03/2, Q2

1. A potted plant loses mass when weighed hourly MAINLY because

Answer: B. Water vapour lost from leaves.
Adapted from CSEC Specimen Paper 01, Item 26

2. On which type of day is transpiration likely to be LOWEST?

Answer: D. Low light and temperature, no wind.
EduTech lab item

3. Why is the shoot cut under water when setting up a potometer?

Answer: B. Air locks block water flow.
Adapted from CSEC Specimen Paper 03/2, Q3

4. Woodlice gathering in the dark, damp zone shows they

Answer: C. Adaptive behaviour.
Adapted from CSEC Specimen Paper 03/2 mark scheme

5. A limitation of a single-dish light/dark experiment is that

Answer: A. Light leaks under paper.
EduTech lab item

6. The potometer actually measures the rate of

Answer: A. Uptake approximates transpiration.
Step 4 · Apply

Practical-style questions

Write full answers, then reveal the mark scheme and tick the points you earned (8 marks in total). Your answers are saved on this device.

Based on CSEC Specimen Paper 03/2, Questions 2 and 3

Question 1 [8 marks]

Transpiration and invertebrate behaviour.

(a) Describe (or draw) how a potted plant is set up and weighed to measure water loss. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 3)

(b) Design a choice-chamber experiment on light and moisture for woodlice, stating ONE hypothesis and TWO precautions. [5]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 5)

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Sources

Syllabus sources and past papers

Everything in this lesson is based on these parts of the CXC syllabus and papers.