CSEC ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS · SECTION 1 · LESSON A11

Sequences, Sigma Notation and Arithmetic Series

Sequences and series, the nth term, summation notation and its rules, arithmetic progressions, the sum of an arithmetic series and problems in context.

Algebra, Sequences and SeriesS1 E.1S1 E.2S1 E.3S1 E.4S1 E.5≈ 45 min🎮 3 games
Before you start

By the end of this lesson you can…

Step 1 · Watch

Explainer video

5 narrated scenes. Press play, listen and read along — the points appear as they are explained. Use ‹ Prev / Next › or the scene bar to jump to any scene.

LESSON A11 · EXPLAINER

Sequences, Sigma Notation and Arithmetic Series

Save $50, then $70, then $90 … How much after two years? An arithmetic series answers in one line — and shows why such savings grow without limit.

Narration uses your device’s built-in voice. No sound? Switch to “Captions only” — the captions advance on their own.

Step 2 · Read

Key notes

Copy these into your notebook in your own words — that is how they stick.

Sequence

{aₙ}: an ordered list; aₙ gives the nth term.

Series

The sum of the terms of a sequence.

Sigma rules

Σ kaᵣ = kΣaᵣ; Σ(aᵣ + bᵣ) = Σaᵣ + Σbᵣ; Σ_{1}^{n} k = nk.

AP term

Tₙ = a + (n − 1)d.

AP sum

Sₙ = ½n[2a + (n − 1)d] = ½n(a + l).

Two terms given

Subtract to get (n − m)d, then find a.

Divergence

Every AP series diverges (d ≠ 0 or a ≠ 0).

Context

Savings, steps, seating: identify a, d and n carefully.

EXAM TIPS & COMMON MISTAKES

  • Write down a, d and n first; then choose the formula.
  • For Sₙ use whichever of the two forms matches the information given.
  • When solving Sₙ > k you get a quadratic inequality: sketch it, and remember n must be a positive integer.
  • Check with the first few terms: S₂ = a + (a + d).
Play & practise

Games

3 quick games on this lesson. Earn XP and badges as you play — your best score for each game is saved. Games are for practice and do not change your exam readiness. More games in the Additional Mathematics Arcade.

Step 3 · Practise

Paper 1 practice — multiple choice

8 items modelled on real CSEC Paper 1 questions. Choose one answer for each, then check. Aim for 80% or better. Work each item on paper first.

CSEC Paper 01 style · SO E.5

1. The 20th term of the arithmetic sequence 3, 7, 11, … is

Answer: C. 3 + 19(4) = 79.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO E.5

2. The sum of the first 20 terms of 3, 7, 11, … is

Answer: B. ½(20)(6 + 76) = 820.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO E.3

3. Σ from r = 1 to 10 of (3r + 1) is equal to

Answer: C. First 4, last 31: ½(10)(35) = 175.
Adapted from CSEC P1 May/June 2024 (arithmetic sequence item)

4. Which of the following is NOT an arithmetic sequence?

Answer: C. Differences −9, −10, −11 are not constant.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO E.4

5. In an AP, T₃ = 11 and T₈ = 31. The common difference is

Answer: B. 5d = 20.
Based on the CSEC Paper 032 specimen (savings series)

6. Savings of $50, $70, $90, … for 24 months total

Answer: D. ½(24)(50 + 510) = 6 720.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO E.3

7. Σ from r = 1 to n of 5 is equal to

Answer: A. Adding 5 n times.
CSEC Paper 01 style · SO E.6

8. An arithmetic series with common difference 3 is

Answer: B. The terms grow without limit.
Step 4 · Apply

Paper 2 practice — structured questions

Write full answers, then reveal the mark scheme and tick the points you earned (27 marks in total). Show all your working — method marks count. Your answers are saved on this device.

CSEC Paper 02 style · Section 1 (Arithmetic series)

Question 1 [14 marks]

The first three terms of an arithmetic progression are 5, 9 and 13.

(a) Find the common difference and the 15th term. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 3)

(b) Find the sum of the first 15 terms. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 3)

(c) The sum of the first n terms is 860. Show that 2n² + 3n − 860 = 0 and hence find n. [5]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 5)

(d) Evaluate Σ from r = 1 to 15 of (4r + 1). [3]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 3)

CSEC Paper 02 style · Section 1 (Savings problem)

Question 2 [13 marks]

Mrs Lee saves $120 in January, $150 in February, $180 in March and so on, increasing by $30 each month.

(a) Show that she saves $450 in December of the same year. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (a) (max 3)

(b) Calculate her total savings for the year. [3]

MARK SCHEME — (b) (max 3)

(c) She continues in the same way. After how many months will her total savings first exceed $10 000? [5]

MARK SCHEME — (c) (max 5)

(d) Explain why the total saved can never reach a fixed limit. [2]

MARK SCHEME — (d) (max 2)

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Sources

Where this topic appears in CSEC papers

Find these in your own past-paper booklets for extra timed practice. Items above are written in the style of these papers; any adapted from a specific question say so.